Albert Einstein was a physicist who developed the general Theory of relativity. He is considered one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century.
 |
| Scientist, Physicist |
Who was Albert Einstein?
Albert Einstein was a German mathematician and physicist who developed
The special and general theories of relativity. In
1921, he won the Nobel
Prize for physics for his explanation of the
photoelectric effect. In the
Following a decade, he immigrated to the U.S. after
being targeted by
The German Nazi party.
Quick facts...
Born:- March 14, 1879, Germany
Died;- April 18, 1955( Aged 76), Princeton, new jersey, united states
Education:- Federal polytechnic school in Zurich,
University of Zurich ( Ph.D.)
Spouse(s):- Mileva Maric, Elsa Lowenthal
Field:- Physics, Philosophy
Thesis:- A new determination of molecular dimension
Known for:- General relativity,
Special relativity,
Photoelectric effect,
E=mc2 (mass-energy equivalence),
E=hf ( Planck- Einstein relation),
Theory of Brownian motion,
Einstein field equation,
Gravitational-wave,
Cosmological constant
Awards:- Barnard medal(1920)
Nobel prize in Physics (1921)
Gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1926)
Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1942)
TIME person of the century (1999)
Signature
1) Albert Einstein Childhood
Albert
Einstein was born in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Wurttemberg in the Empire, on 14
March 1879
His
parents were Hermann Einstein, a salesman and engineer, and Pauline Koch. In
1880, the family moved to Munich, where Einstein's father and his uncle Jakob
founded Elektrotechnis Fabrik j. Einstein & Cie, a company that
manufactured electrical equipment based on current.
 |
| Childhood image of Albert Einstein |
Albert
attended a catholic elementary school in Munich, from the age of 5, for three
years. At the age of 8, he was transferred to the luitpold gymnasium where he
received advanced primary and secondary school education until he left the
German Empire seven years later.
2) Child genius
In
1894, Hermann and Jakob's company faced loss which forced to the sale of the
Munich factory. In search of business, the Einstein family moved to Italy, first
to Milan, and a few months later to Pavia.
When
the family moved to Pavia, Einstein, then 15, stayed in Munich to finish his
studies at the Luitpold gymnasium. His father intended for him to pursue
electrical engineering, but Einstein clashed with authorities and resented the
Scholl's regimen and teaching method.
At
the age of December 1894, he traveled to Italy to join his family in Pavia,
convincing the school to let him go by using a doctor's note.
Einstein
always excelled at maths and physics from a young age, reaching a mathematical
level years ahead of his peers. The 12 years old Einstein taught himself
algebra and Euclidean geometry over a single summer.
His
passion for geometry and algebra led the 12-year-old to become convinced that
nature could be understood as "Mathematical structure"
Einstein
started teaching himself calculus at 12, and as a 14 years old he says he had
"mastered integral and differential calculus". At
age 13, Kant became his favorite philosopher.
In
1895 at the age of 16, Einstein took the entrance examinations for the Swiss
federal polytechnic in Zurich. He failed to reach the required standard in the
general part of the examination, but obtained exceptional grades in physics and
mathematics.
On
the advice of the principal of the polytechnic, he attended the argovian
cantonal school in Aarau, Switzerland, in 1895 and 1896 to complete his secondary
schooling.
While
lodging with the family of the professor just winteler, he falls in love with
winteler's daughter, Marie.
3) Albert Einstein Beginning
Albert's
sister Maja later married winteler's son Paul. In January 1896 with his
father's approval, in September 1896, he passed the Swiss natural with mostly
good grades, including a top grade of 6 in physics and mathematical subjects.
At
17, he enrolled in the 4-year mathematics and physics teaching diploma program
at the Zurich polytechnic.
Einstein's
future wife, a 20-year-old Serbian woman Mileva Maric, also enrolled at the
polytechnic that year. she was the only woman among the 6 students in the
mathematics and physics section of the teaching diploma course.
Over
the next few years, Einstein and maric's friendship developed into a romance, and
they read a book together on extra-curricular physics in which Einstein was
taking an increasing interest. In 1900, Einstein passed the exams in maths and
physics and was awarded the federal polytechnic teaching diploma.
NOTE
THE LOST BOOK OF REMEDIES The Lost Book of Herbal Remedies has colour pictures of over 181 healing plants, lichens, and mushrooms of North America (2-4 pictures/plant for easy identification). Inside, you'll also discover over 550+ powerful natural remedies made from them for every one of your daily needs. Many of these remedies were used by our forefathers for hundreds of years while others come from Dr Nicole’s extensive natural practice.  bOOK BY Dr Nicole Apelian In this era, everyone should grow PLANTS & TRESS. We must have to stop CLIMATE CHANGE because the environment is getting worst Day by Day. So, if you really want to take action & want to Grow Plants & Trees? then Here is the book link, purchase it, Read it, and Implement the ideas given in it!!!! Buy Now |
4) Mileva Maric
 |
| Mileva Maric |
Maric
retuito Switzerland without the child whose real name and date are unknown. The
contents of Einstein's letter in September 1903 suggest that the girl was
either given up for adoption or died of scarlet fever in infancy.
Einstein
and Maric married in January 1903. In May 1904, their sons Hans Albert Einstein
was born in Bern Switzerland. Their son Eduard was born in Zurich in July 1910
The
couple moved to Berlin in April 1914 but Maric returned to Zurich with their
sons after learning that Einstein's chief romantic attraction was his first and
second cousin Elsa.
They
divorced on 14 February 1919 having lived part for 5 years.
Eduard
had a breakdown at about age 20 and was diagnosed with schizophrenia. His
mother cared for him and he was also committed to an asylum for several periods,
finally being committed permanently after the death.
It
letters revealed in 2015, Einstein wrote to his early love Marie winteler about
his marriage and
His
marriage and his strong feelings for her.
Einstein
married Elsa Lowenthal in 1919, after having a relationship with her since
1912. She was a first cousin paternally. They emigrated to the United States in
1933, she died in December 1936.
5) Albert Einstein Struggle Years
After
graduating in 1900, Einstein spent almost 2 frustrating years searching for a
teaching post. He acquired Swiss citizenship in February 1901 but was not conscripted for medical reasons.
Finally
secured a job in Bern at the federal office for intellectual property, the patent
office, as a clerk.
In
1903 his position at the Swiss patent office became permanent, with a German
friends he had met in Bern, Einstein started a small discussion group in 1902,
self-mockingly named "The Olympia Academy", which met regularly to discuss
science and philosophy.
6) Albert Einstein Scientific papers
On
30 April 1905, Einstein completed his thesis, with Alfred Kleiner, professor of
experimental Physics. As a result, Einstein was awarded a Ph.D. by the University
of Zurich, with his dissertation " A NEW DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR
DIMENSIONS "
In
that same year, which has been called Einstein's miracle year, he published
four groundbreaking papers, on the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion,
special relativity, and the equivalence of mass and energy, which were to bring
him to the notice of the academic world, at the age of 26.
By
1908, he was recognized as a leading scientist and was appointed lecturer at
the University of Bern. Einstein became a full professor at the German
Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague in April 1911, accepting Australian
citizenship in the Austro-Hungarian Empire to do so.
7) Albert Einstein Career
On 3 July 1913, he was voted for membership in
the Prussian academy of sciences in Berlin. max Planck and Walther Nernst
visited him the next week in Zurich to persuade him to join the academy,
additionally offering him the Post of director at the Kaiser Wilhelm institute
for physics.
He
was officially elected to the academy on 24 July, and he accepted to move to
the German Empire the next year. His decision to move to Berlin was also
influenced by the prospect of living near his cousin Elsa.
He
joined the academy and thus the Berlin University on 1 April 1914. As world war
II broke out that year, the plan of Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics was
aborted. The institute was established on 1 October 1917 m, with Einstein as
it's director. In 1916, Einstein was elected president of the German physical
society (1916-1918).
Based
on calculation, Einstein made in 1911, about his new Theory of general
relativity, light from another star should be Bent by the sun's gravity. In
1919, that prediction was confirmed by Sir Arthur Eddington during the solar
eclipse of 29 May 1919.
Those
observations were published in the international media, making Einstein world
famous. On 7 November 1919, the leading British newspaper the Times printed a
banner headlines that read: " Revolution in science- new Theory of the
universe - Newtonian ideas overthrown".
In
1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in physics "For his services to
theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the
photoelectric effect.
8) Albert Einstein in the USA
I'm
December 1930, Einstein visited America for the second time, originally
intended as a two-month working visit as a research fellow at the California
Institute of technology.
After
the national attention he received during his first trip to the US. He and his
arrangers aimed to protect his privacy. although swamped with telegrams and
invitation to receive awards or speak publicly, he declined them all.
After
arriving in New York City, Einstein was taken to various places..in February
1933 while on a visit to the United States, Einstein knew he could not return
to Germany with the rise of power of the Nazis under Germany's new chancellor,
Adolf Hitler.
Upon
landing in Antwerp on 28 March, he immediately went to the German consulate and
surrendered his passport, formally renouncing his German citizenship.
9) Refugee
In
April 1933 Einstein discovered that the new German govt. Had passed laws
barring Jews from holding any official position, including teaching at
Universities.
A month later, Einstein's work was among those targeted by the German student
union in the Nazi book burning, with Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels
proclaiming " Jewish intellectualism is dead".
Einstein
was now without a permanent home, unsure where he would live and work, and
equally worried about the fate of countless other scientists still in Germany.
In
October 1933 Einstein returned to the US and took up a position at the
institute for advanced study. In 1935 he arrived at the decision to remain
permanently in the United States and apply for citizenship.
10) World war ii
In
1939, a group of Hungarian scientists that included physicist attempted to
alert Washington to ongoing Nazi atomic bomb research.
Hitler
could be more than willing to resort to such a weapon. In July 1939, a few
months before the beginning of World war ii in Europe, szilàrd and Wigner
visited Einstein to explain the possibility of atomic bombs, which Einstein, a
pacifist said he had never considered.
 |
| World War ll |
He
was asked to lend his support by writing a letter, with Szilàrd, to president
Roosevelt, recommending the US to pay attention and engage in its own nuclear
weapons research.
The
letter is believed to be "arguably the key stimulus for the U.S. adoption
of serious investigation into nuclear weapons. For Einstein, " war was a
disease and he called for resistance to war".
11) Albert Einstein Scientific Career
On
3 July 1913, he was voted for membership in the Prussian Academy of sciences in
Berlin. max Planck and Walther Nernst visited him the next week in Zurich to
persuade him to join the academy, additionally offering him the Post of
director at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics.
He
was officially elected to the academy on 24 July, and he accepted to move to
the German Empire the next year. His decision to move to Berlin was also
influenced by the prospect of living near his cousin Elsa.
He
joined the academy and thus the Berlin University on 1 April 1914. As world war
II broke out that year, the plan of Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics was
aborted. The institute was established on 1 October 1917 m, with Einstein as
it's director. In 1916, Einstein was elected president of the German physical
society (1916-1918).
Based
on calculation, Einstein made in 1911, about his new Theory of general
relativity, light from another star should be Bent by the sun's gravity. In
1919, that prediction was confirmed by Sir Arthur Eddington during the solar
eclipse of 29 May 1919.
Those
observations were published in the international media, making Einstein world
famous. On 7 November 1919, the leading British newspaper the Times printed a
banner headlines that read: " Revolution in science- new Theory of the
universe - Newtonian ideas overthrown".
 |
| The scientific career of Albert Einstein |
In
1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in physics "For his services to
theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the
photoelectric effect.
In
December 1930, Einstein visited America
for the second time, originally intended as a two-month working visit as a
researcher fellow at the California Institute of technology.
After
the national attention he received during his first trip to the US. He and his
arrangers aimed to protect his privacy. although swamped with telegrams and
invitation to receive awards or speak publicly, he declined them all.
After
arriving in New York City, Einstein was taken to various places..in February
1933 while on a visit to the United States, Einstein knew he could not return
to Germany with the rise of power of the Nazis under Germany's new chancellor,
Adolf Hitler.
Upon
landing in Antwerp on 28 March, he immediately went to the German consulate and
surrendered his passport, formally renouncing his German citizenship.
On
17 April 1955, Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of
an abdominal aortic aneurysm, Einstein refused surgery, saying, "I want to
go when I want. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my
share; it is time to go. I will do it elegantly.
He
died in Princeton Hospital early the next morning at the age of 76, having
continued to work until near the end.
During
the autopsy, the pathologist of Princeton Hospital, Thomas Stoltz Harvey,
removed Einstein's brain for preservation without the permission of his family,
in the hope that the neuroscience of the future would be able to discover what
made Einstein so intelligent.
prize
in physics "for his services theoretical physics, and especially for his
discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".
None
of the nomination in 1921 met the criteria set by Alfred Nobel, so the 1921
Nobel prize was carried forward and awarded to Einstein in 1922
In
October 1933 Einstein returned to the US and took up a position at the
institute for advanced study. In 1935 he arrived at the decision to remain
permanently in the United States and apply for citizenship
In
1939, a group of Hungarian scientists that included physicist attempted to
alert Washington to ongoing Nazi atomic bomb research.
Hitler
could be more than willing to resort to such a weapon. In July 1939, a few
months before the beginning of World war ii in Europe, szilàrd and Wigner
visited Einstein to explain the possibility of atomic bombs, which Einstein, a
pacifist said he had never considered.
He
was asked to lend his support by writing a letter, with Szilàrd, to president
Roosevelt, recommending the US to pay attention and engage in its own nuclear
weapons research.
The
letter is believed to be "arguably the key stimulus for the U.S. adoption
of serious investigation into nuclear weapons. For Einstein, " war was a
disease and he called for resistance to war".
Throughout
his life, Einstein published hundreds of books and articles. He published more
than 300 scientific papers and 150 non-scientific ones. Einstein's intellectual
achievements and originality have made the word "Einstein" synonymous
with "genius".
In
his paper on mass-energy equivalence, Einstein produced E=Mc2 from his special
relativity equations.
Einstein
received numerous awards and honors and in 1922 he was awarded the 1921 Nobel.
 |
| Nobel prize winner in physics in 1921 |
In
his paper on mass-energy equivalence, Einstein produced E=Mc2 from his special
relativity equations.
Einstein
received numerous awards and honors and in 1922 he was awarded the 1921 Nobel
prize
in physics "for his services theoretical physics, and especially for his
discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".
None
of the nomination in 1921 met the criteria set by Alfred Nobel, so the 1921
Nobel prize was carried forward and awarded to Einstein in 1922
12) Einstein's IQ:-
The Genius physicist was actually never tested, but that hasn't stopped some from estimating how he would have scored. However, IQ experts estimate Einstein's IQ ranges between 160 and 190
13) Death
On
17 April 1955, Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of
an abdominal aortic aneurysm, Einstein refused surgery, saying, "I want to
go when I want. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my
share; it is time to go. I will do it elegantly.
He
died in Princeton Hospital early the next morning at the age of 76, having
continued to work until near the end.
During
the autopsy, the pathologist of Princeton Hospital, Thomas Stoltz Harvey,
removed Einstein's brain for preservation without the permission of his family,
in the hope that the neuroscience of the future would be able to discover what
made Einstein so intelligent.
 |
14) Albert Einstein Inventions:-
- Quantum theory of light
- Special theory of relativity
- General theory of relativity
- Avogadro"s number
- The Bose-Einstein condensate
- The photoelectric effect
- Wave-particles duality
15) Albert Einstein brain:-
16) Quotes by Albert Einstein
2. "Imagination is more important than knowledge."
3. "Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe."
4. "Imagination is everything. It is the preview of life's coming attractions."